const (
    mutexLocked = 1 << iota // mutex is locked // 1
    mutexWoken  // 2   
    mutexStarving  // 4 
    mutexWaiterShift = iota // 3  位运算计算队列等待数，要右移、左移的位数
    starvationThresholdNs = 1e6   // 饥饿模式等待阈值为 1ms
)

type Mutex struct {
    state int32
    sema  uint32
}

func (m *Mutex) Lock() {
    // Fast path: grab unlocked mutex.
    if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&m.state, 0, mutexLocked) {
        return
    }
    // Slow path (outlined so that the fast path can be inlined)
    m.lockSlow()
}

func (m *Mutex) lockSlow() {
    var waitStartTime int64 // 标识当前 goroutine 在抢锁过程中的等待时长，单位：ns；
    starving := false // 标识当前是否处于饥饿模式
    awoke := false  // 标记当前 goroutine 是否从阻塞中被唤醒
    iter := 0 //标识当前 goroutine 参与自旋的次数 runtime_canSpin 判断是否已经达到 go 运行时最大的自旋次数
    old := m.state // 当前状态
    for {
        // Don't spin in starvation mode, ownership is handed off to waiters
        // so we won't be able to acquire the mutex anyway.
        if old&(mutexLocked|mutexStarving) == mutexLocked && runtime_canSpin(iter) {
            // Active spinning makes sense.
            // Try to set mutexWoken flag to inform Unlock
            // to not wake other blocked goroutines.
            if !awoke && old&mutexWoken == 0 && old>>mutexWaiterShift != 0 &&
                atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&m.state, old, old|mutexWoken) {
                awoke = true
            }
            runtime_doSpin()
            iter++
            old = m.state
            continue
        }

new := old
// Don't try to acquire starving mutex, new arriving goroutines must queue.
if old&mutexStarving == 0 {
    new |= mutexLocked
}
if old&(mutexLocked|mutexStarving) != 0 {
    new += 1 << mutexWaiterShift
}
// The current goroutine switches mutex to starvation mode.
// But if the mutex is currently unlocked, don't do the switch.
// Unlock expects that starving mutex has waiters, which will not
// be true in this case.
if starving && old&mutexLocked != 0 {
    new |= mutexStarving
}
if awoke {
    // The goroutine has been woken from sleep,
    // so we need to reset the flag in either case.
    if new&mutexWoken == 0 {
        throw("sync: inconsistent mutex state")
    }
    new &^= mutexWoken
}

if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&m.state, old, new) {
    if old&(mutexLocked|mutexStarving) == 0 {
        break // locked the mutex with CAS
    }
    // If we were already waiting before, queue at the front of the queue.
    queueLifo := waitStartTime != 0
    if waitStartTime == 0 {
        waitStartTime = runtime_nanotime()
    }
    runtime_SemacquireMutex(&m.sema, queueLifo, 1

    starving = starving || runtime_nanotime()-waitStartTime > starvationThresholdNs
    old = m.state
    if old&mutexStarving != 0 {
        // If this goroutine was woken and mutex is in starvation mode,
        // ownership was handed off to us but mutex is in somewhat
        // inconsistent state: mutexLocked is not set and we are still
        // accounted as waiter. Fix that.
        if old&(mutexLocked|mutexWoken) != 0 || old>>mutexWaiterShift == 0 {
            throw("sync: inconsistent mutex state")
        }
        delta := int32(mutexLocked - 1<<mutexWaiterShift)
        if !starving || old>>mutexWaiterShift == 1 {
            // Exit starvation mode.
            // Critical to do it here and consider wait time.
            // Starvation mode is so inefficient, that two goroutines
            // can go lock-step infinitely once they switch mutex
            // to starvation mode.
            delta -= mutexStarving
        }
        atomic.AddInt32(&m.state, delta)
        break
    }
    awoke = true
    iter = 0
} else {
    old = m.state
}

func (m *Mutex) Unlock() {
    new := atomic.AddInt32(&m.state, -mutexLocked)
    if new != 0 {
        m.unlockSlow(new)
    }
}

func (m *Mutex) unlockSlow(new int32) {
    if (new+mutexLocked)&mutexLocked == 0 {
        fatal("sync: unlock of unlocked mutex")
    }
    if new&mutexStarving == 0 {
        old := new
        for {
            // If there are no waiters or a goroutine has already
            // been woken or grabbed the lock, no need to wake anyone.
            // In starvation mode ownership is directly handed off from unlocking
            // goroutine to the next waiter. We are not part of this chain,
            // since we did not observe mutexStarving when we unlocked the mutex above.
            // So get off the way.
            if old>>mutexWaiterShift == 0 || old&(mutexLocked|mutexWoken|mutexStarving) != 0 {
                return
            }
            // Grab the right to wake someone.
            new = (old - 1<<mutexWaiterShift) | mutexWoken
            if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&m.state, old, new) {
                runtime_Semrelease(&m.sema, false, 1)
                return
            }
            old = m.state
        }
    }

func (m *Mutex) unlockSlow(new int32) {
    if new&mutexStarving == 0 {
    } else {
        runtime_Semrelease(&m.sema, true, 1)
    }
}

type RWMutex struct {
    w           Mutex        // held if there are pending writers
    writerSem   uint32       // semaphore for writers to wait for completing readers
    readerSem   uint32       // semaphore for readers to wait for completing writers
    readerCount atomic.Int32 // number of pending readers
    readerWait  atomic.Int32 // number of departing readers
}

const rwmutexMaxReaders = 1 << 30

func (rw *RWMutex) RLock() {
    if rw.readerCount.Add(1) < 0 {
        // A writer is pending, wait for it.
        runtime_SemacquireRWMutexR(&rw.readerSem, false, 0)
    }
}

func (rw *RWMutex) RUnlock() {
    if r := atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerCount, -1); r < 0 {
        rw.rUnlockSlow(r)
    }
}

func (rw *RWMutex) Lock() {
    rw.w.Lock()
    r := atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerCount, -rwmutexMaxReaders) + rwmutexMaxReaders
    if r != 0 && atomic.AddInt32(&rw.readerWait, r) != 0 {
        runtime_SemacquireMutex(&rw.writerSem, false, 0)
    }
}